Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
MASOOD ABDUSALAM GHANEM ALI

Institutions
Department of Geology and Environment , Faculty of Sciences, Baniwaleed University, Libya

Abstract
The research assessed the potential of up flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors operated at very low up flow velocities to provide full-flow anaerobic treatment of low strength wastewater at low temperature 35 ⁰C. The work was carried out using laboratory-scale UASB reactors fed on a synthetic wastewater, which was designed to simulate a typical unsettled municipal wastewater. The reactors were operated under a range of condition to test their performance and stability based on four main indicators: chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, total suspended solids (TSS) removal, gas production and gas composition. The results from this investigation showed that UASB reactors operated at a temperature of 35⁰C were highly effective in the treatment of synthetic sewage at influent COD concentrations from 450 to 2250 mg l-1 COD at a constant HRT of 1 day, and at HRT from 24 to 8 hours with an influent COD concentration of 450 mg l-1. The specific methane yield obtained was around 0.32 l CH4 g-1 COD removed. COD removal efficiencies were high at ≥ 93 % and total suspended solid removal was around 95 %. The results confirmed that full flow treatment under mesophilic conditions, without heating of the UASB reactor, was feasible at wastewater temperatures of 35 ⁰C. The warm temperate areas that are suited to this application, e.g. the tropical countries and Mediterranean region, also often have relatively low water use and/or high rates of re-use due to water scarcity.

Keywords
wastewater treatment

Topic
INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOPROCESSING

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/uw82a3kHZMKr

Corresponding Author
Muhammad Nur Kholis

Institutions
(a)Department of Agro-industrial Technology, University of Darussalam Gontor. *mnurkholis[at]unida.gontor.ac.id

(b)Department of Agro-industrial Technology, University of Darussalam Gontor. anisasmediana[at]unida.gontor.ac.id

(c)Department of Agro-industrial Technology, University of Darussalam Gontor. mayasari[at]unida.gontor.ac.id

Abstract
Microbial cellulase is a complex enzyme produced by bacterial, fungal, and actinomycetes. Industrial cellulase has the potential of more than 50% global market. Application microbial cellulase has potential in the industry such us biofuel production, textile polishing and finishing, paper and pulp industry, and agriculture. Technological development and the prospects for the application of microbial cellulose focus on agro-industry.

Keywords
industrial enzyme: microbial cellulase; agro-industry

Topic
INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOPROCESSING

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/quYjtg9QLKJC

Corresponding Author
Aji Sutrisno

Institutions
Department of Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145

Abstract
Mannanase is the main enzyme that catalyzes depolymerization of -1,4 mannosidic linkages within the main chain of mannan releasing manno-oligosacharides.Since mannan is most soluble at alkaline solution and industrial enzymes application prefer high thermostability, therefore mannanase with alkaline and high thermostability is more desired. This aim of this study is to isolate mannase-producing microorganisms and to characterize mannanase that obtained from partial purification. Nine mannolytic isolates were found and the chosen isolate was R11 with mannolytic index of 3,287. The purity enzyme from partial purification was 6,06 fold with the specific activity 61,54 U/mg. Molecular mass of the mannanase analyzed by electhrophoresis and zymogram was 32,39 kDa. The optimal temperatures and pH were 65oC and pH 8, repectively. The enzyme was stable at pH 5 – 8 and temperatures up to 75oC. This properties makes mannanase R311 is attractive for biotechnological application for industries.

Keywords
Alkaline, isolation, characterization, mannanase, thermostable

Topic
INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOPROCESSING

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/YxUaDWV49TFp

Corresponding Author
Sudarma Dita Wijayanti

Institutions
Department of Agricultural Product Technology – Faculty of Agricultural Technology – Universitas Brawijaya

Abstract
Microbial enzymes utilization in industrial application recently has become extensive. One enzyme that is widely used in industry is the cellulase which is able to hydrolyze the glycosidic B-1.4 bonds present in cellulose. In previous studies, isolation of a cellulose degrading bacteria P12 from Mount Merapi spring water was carried out which had the highest cellulolytic activity (2.326 ± 0.219 U/mg). This research aims to identify P12 isolates molecularly using the 16S-rRNA gene, and characterize the cellulase produced. A descriptive quantitative design was used in this research. The P12 isolate was revealed to be Bacillus licheniformis based on 16S rRNA analysis with 99% homology. The concentration of ammonium sulfate 70% saturation can precipitate cellulase enzymes with purification folds of 6 times with specific activities 0.0103 U / mg. Cellulase enzyme fractionated with ammonium sulfate at this research was optimum at pH 7 and temperature 50C

Keywords
Bacillus licheniformis, Cellulase, fractionation

Topic
INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOPROCESSING

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/neh7xfFwjVmN

Corresponding Author
Nicholle Clarivania Tanaka

Institutions
Department of Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya
Jalan Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia
*agustinwardani[at]ub.ac.id

Abstract
The barrier to realizing the potential of lignocellulosic bioethanol is the recalcitrance of cellulosic biomass. Overcoming this biomass recalcitrance is the key challenge to large scale production of lignocellulosic bioethanol. Pretreatment is an important and critical step that enables enzyme hydrolysis of lignocellulose conversion to ethanol. Finding a pretreatment method for reducing the high recalcitrance via cost-effective pretreatment methods would therefore be of great benefit. This study aims at investigating the effect of pretreatment on delignification process of sugarcane bagasse and palm oil trunk. Two methods of pretreatment were compared i.e. alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreatment (1% and 5% H2O2) and subcritical water pretreatment (170oC, 2.2 MPa) for the effectiveness of reducing the lignin content. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis was also performed to investigate the effect of pretreatment on structure profile of lignocellulosic biomass. It was observed that alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreatment gave better results than subcritical water pretreatment based on the lignin content for both lignocellulosic biomass. Pretreated sugarcane bagasse presented lower lignin content than pretreated palm oil trunk. Lignin was successfully removed until 56.99% under the best condition of 5% of alkaline hydrogen peroxide, at 28oC for 72 h incubation. This study confirmed that alkaline pretreatment was found have a better method for the conversion of lignocellulosic materials. Furthermore, sugarcane bagasse has a greater potency as basic raw materials used for the bioethanol production than palm oil trunk because it has lower content of lignin with higher content of cellulose.

Keywords
Bioethanol, Lignocellulosic Biomass, Pretreatment, Alkaline Hydrogen Peroxide, Subcritical Water

Topic
INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOPROCESSING

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/m9P7yWq2ZkuX

Corresponding Author
Pauline Nathania Novitasari

Institutions
a) Department of Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia
*Email:agustinwardani[at]ub.ac.id
b) Department of Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia

Abstract
Cellulases are a group of hydrolytic enzymes capable of hydrolyzing the cellulose to smaller sugar components produced by microorganisms during their growth. In this study, cellulose- degrading microorganism was isolated for obtaining effective cellulases from lignocellulosic biomass such as sugarcane bagasse and oil palm trunk waste from plantation area in Indonesia. A total of 194 strains were isolated on agar plates containing carboxymethyl cellulase (CMC). Of the 194 strains, 57 showed hydrolyzing zones on agar plates containing CMC after Congo-red staining. Cellulase assay kit (CellG5 method) was used to measure the enzyme activity of the obtained isolates. Two isolates among the 57 strains i.e. KS 30 and AT 17 showed higher carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) activity and isolate KS 30 exhibited the highest CMCase activity (1.891 Unit/mL). The strain KS-30 was identified as Bacillus subtilis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. This study provided information about the prospect of cellulose-degrading Bacillus subtilis for the bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass to produce value-added bioproducts such as ethanol, organic acids and other chemicals.

Keywords
Bagasse, Oil Palm Trunk, Cellulase, Isolation, Identification

Topic
INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOPROCESSING

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/awfWPRmYFEzN

Corresponding Author
Netty Kusumawati

Institutions
a) Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Jalan Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia

b) Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Widya Mandala Catholic University Surabaya, Jalan Dinoyo 42-44 Surabaya, Indonesia 60265
*) nettykusumawati[at]gmail.com

Abstract
The objective of this research was to isolate, screen, and identify the cellulase and xylanase-producing mold from oil palm waste. There are thirty-two isolates from oil palm waste which are able to degrade and grow on media containing cellulose or xylan as a sole carbon source. Screening to determine cellulolytic and xylanolytic activity was performed by paper disc diffusion method using Congo Red as an indicator. All the thirty-two mold isolates showed cellulolytic and xylanolytic activity with relative enzyme activity (ratio of hydrolyzed zone diameter and colony growth diameter) ranging from 1.04 to 1.62. Based on the macro- and micromorphology characteristics, these isolates were identified as genus Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Tallaromyces and Penicillium, with the number isolates in each genus was 22, 4, 3, 2, and 1 respectively. The highest cellulolytic and xylanolytic activity was achieved from the isolate namely OPT1(4) which was identified as Talaromyces pinophilus using morphological and molecular analysis. Under the optimum condition (300C, 72 hours) in liquid medium containing carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and birch wood xylan as the main carbon source, Talaromyces pinophilus OPT1(4) presented glucanase and xylanase activity of 15.17 U/ml and 13.35 U/ml, respectively.

Keywords
mold, isolation, identification, cellulolytic, xylanolytic

Topic
INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOPROCESSING

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/6ucK9FQCvNaB

Corresponding Author
Tunjung Mahatmanto

Institutions
a) Jurusan Teknologi Hasil Pertanian, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya
Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
*tjmahatmanto[at]ub.ac.id
b) PT PG Rajawali I
Jl. Undaan Kulon no. 57-59, Surabaya 60274, Jawa Timur, Indonesia

Abstract
Cellulases are enzymes that catalyse the degradation of cellulose–the most abundant renewable biomaterial–and are used in a wide range of applications including healthcare, textiles, detergents, food, feed, and biorefinery. Different industrial applications require specific properties of cellulases with regard to their compatibility with the conditions in which they are applied. While efforts to engineer cellulases with improved properties can meet the demand for more benign and efficient processes, screening provides a valuable resource for discovering unique properties of cellulases. Here, we report the screening of cellulase-producing microbes from sugarcane bagasse and filter cake–waste products of sugar industry. Samples collected from a local sugar factory were cultured in selective media containing carboxymethyl cellulose. One hundred colonies from each sample were grown on selective agar for cellulase activity detection using Congo red staining and four were selected based on their cellulase activity index. Extracellular cellulase activity was determined by dinitrosalicylic acid method using carboxymethyl cellulose as a substrate. The cellulase activity ranged from 0.003 to 0.016 U/mL and appeared to increase and plateau with culturing time. Gram and lactophenol cotton blue staining suggest that the cellulase-producing microbes were bacteria and fungi. Strategically, high-throughput large scale screening to select the best candidates for further characterization should be performed. However in a low-resource setting, we believe that concerted discovery efforts, albeit at the grass-root level, could serve as initial steps toward the realization of a green bioeconomy in Indonesia–an archipelago where diverse microbial potential awaits to be untapped.

Keywords
Cellulase; industrial microbes; sugarcane; bagasse; filter cake

Topic
INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOPROCESSING

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/fM8X2nBdeWqb

Corresponding Author
Ajeng Astrini Brahmanti

Institutions
Department of Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang, 65145

Abstract
Flocculating yeast strains with good fermentation ability are desirable for fuel ethanol production. The flocculation ability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCYC 1195 is known to be affected by the concentration of calcium chloride (CaCl2) and pH. Since the calcium ion activate flocculent by forming a bond with mannose in the cell-s surface. This flocculation ability is needed to avoid the cell mixed with the fermentation medium. It will settle down the cell in the vessel, thus, there will need no centrifugation in the purification step. By doing so, the bioethanol production process will be easier, more efficient and cheaper. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of calcium chloride (CaCl2) and pH on the flocculation ability of S. cerevisiae. This research was conducted by using three levels of CaCl2 concentration (10-5, 10-7, 10-9 M) and three level of pH (4, 5, 6). The cultures were incubated in water bath shaker at 30°C with agitation (100 rpm). The flocculation assay was conducted every 4 hours during 24 hours and the stability of flocculation was observed every 24 hours within 30 days. The highest flocculation ability was obtained (73.155%) with CaCl2 concentration of 10-9M and pH 5.

Keywords
calcium chloride, flocculation, flocculent Saccharomyces cerevisiae, pH

Topic
INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOPROCESSING

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/M8P4HQdwmgBF